Italy has recently made headlines with its decision to ban citizens from traveling abroad to pursue surrogacy. This controversial measure aims to give the Italian government control over the practice of surrogacy and other assisted reproductive technologies, which has been a contentious issue in the country for years.
Surrogacy, while legal in several countries, has been prohibited in Italy since 2004. The new law was introduced by Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and his far-right, fascist, national conservative and right-wing Brothers of Italy political party. The party’s stance is rooted in concerns over the ethical implications and the potential exploitation of women. By banning its citizens’ access to international surrogacy, Italy aims to further discourage citizens from seeking these services abroad, where laws may be more lenient and protections and risks for both surrogates and intended parents can vary significantly from country to country.
Another powerful supporter of the ban on surrogacy is the Catholic Church who opposes surrogacy because it believes it is an avenue for the exploitation of poor women and is contrary to the unity of marriage and the dignity of the procreation of a human.
Proponents of the ban argue that it protects vulnerable women and prevents Italy from becoming a destination for “reproductive tourism.” They believe that surrogacy should be regulated within the country, ensuring that all parties involved are safeguarded by robust legal frameworks.
Critics, however, see the ban as a violation of personal freedoms, a hindrance for couples struggling with infertility, and an obstacle to LGBTQI+ members from having a family of their own. They argue that it pushes prospective parents to seek alternative, potentially riskier routes to parenthood. A US State Department spokesperson expressed concern for the U.S. citizens born via surrogacy to parents who are citizens of Italy who would be deprived of legal protections if their parental rights are not recognized by Italy.
The decision has sparked widespread debate among lawmakers, ethicists, and citizens alike. As the Italian government grapples with these complex issues, the future of surrogacy in Italy and for Italian citizens—both domestically and internationally—remains uncertain. For many hopeful parents, the ban adds another layer of difficulty in their journey to build a family, raising pressing questions about the rights of individuals versus societal protections.
As this situation unfolds, it will be crucial to monitor how it impacts both families and surrogates, and whether it leads to any significant changes in Italy’s broader approach to reproductive rights.